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About
Primary
Immune Deficiency
B cells | T cells | Phagocytes
(Macrophage)
| Complement system
B cells mature into plasma cells to make antibodies. Antibodies
are highly specialized blood proteins also known as immunoglobulins.
Antibodies attach themselves to invading pathogens and make them
easier for other cells and complement to kill. Each antibody has
a unique shape that gives it the ability to stick to a certain
pathogen. There are five main types of antibodies:
- IgM antibodies are the first to respond to an invading pathogen.
They offer important protection during the early days of infection.
These antibodies tend to stay in the bloodstream where they
aid in killing bacteria.
- IgG antibodies are the next to respond after IgM antibodies.
These antibodies are formed in large quantities and work in
the blood and tissues of the body. They bind with destructive
pathogens so that the immune cells (for example macrophage)
have an easier time ingesting them. IgG antibodies can pass
from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta.
- IgA is produced along the surface linings of the lungs and
intestines and is secreted in body fluids such as tears, saliva,
and mucus. This antibody also protects against infection in
the respiratory tract and intestines. IgA passes from mothers
to newborns through breast milk.
- IgE is normally present in trace amounts and is important
in allergic reactions.
- IgD may be present on the surface of B cells.
Antibodies make pathogens easier to kill by alerting the immune
system that the germs need to be destroyed.
The Function of B cells
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